In households worldwide, dogs have long been cherished as more than mere pets; they are loyal companions, steadfast protectors, and sources of immeasurable happiness. From cuddly Toy Cavoodles to athletic Siberian Huskies, dogs have a close bond with their human masters.
Over the ages, the bond between dogs and humans has been celebrated in art, literature, and daily life. However, the emotional benefits of having a dog are not just anecdotal. There is compelling scientific evidence to suggest that dogs genuinely elevate our mood and contribute to our overall well-being. Let’s explore the science behind this endearing love between dogs and humans.
The Oxytocin Connection
Oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, plays a significant role in various social and physiological processes. It is intricately linked with bonding, social behaviour, and even the process of childbirth and lactation in mammals. Given its importance in human interactions, it’s fascinating to uncover how this hormone also plays a central role in the bond between humans and dogs.
A 2015 study conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine in Azabu University in Japan found that locking eyes with our dogs can lead to an increase in oxytocin levels. Researchers observed that when a human and their dog engaged in mutual gazing, there was a measurable increase in oxytocin levels in the urine of both species. What’s even more compelling is that the longer the gaze, the greater the oxytocin surge. This behaviour has a strong parallel with human mother-infant interactions, where mutual gazing also increases oxytocin levels and strengthens the bond.
Physical touch between humans and their canine companions also promotes oxytocin release. Whether it’s petting, hugging, or simply resting a hand on a dog’s body, the tactile interaction facilitates a hormonal response. A study found that dog owners who stroked their pets exhibited increased oxytocin levels in just 15 minutes. This might explain the overwhelming sense of calm and happiness one often feels when cuddling with their furry friend.
Physical Health Benefits
The act of petting a dog is not just emotionally satisfying but also physiologically beneficial. Petting a dog has been shown to reduce blood pressure, which can be a marker of stress. One study by the American Heart Association in 2013 also suggests that owning a dog is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The reasons are twofold: the physical activity of walking a dog contributes to better heart health, and the emotional bond reduces stress, a significant risk factor for heart disease.
Social Connectivity
Dogs, by their nature, are social animals, which inadvertently makes us more social too. Walking a dog or visiting dog parks often leads to increased interactions with strangers, allowing for more social connectivity and reduced feelings of isolation. Enhanced social interaction is linked with improved mood and mental well-being.
Routine and Responsibility
Taking care of a dog requires commitment and a regular routine, from feeding to walking. For many individuals, especially those prone to depression or feelings of aimlessness, the structure and responsibility that come with caring for a dog can instil a sense of purpose.
The Canine as a Coping Mechanism
Dogs have a keen sense of detecting our moods. Their intuitive nature allows them to act as emotional barometers, often providing comfort during our darkest times. Numerous therapists and organisations recognize the benefits of therapy dogs, especially for individuals suffering from PTSD, depression, and anxiety. The mere presence of a dog can offer emotional support and act as a grounding mechanism during times of distress.
Evolutionary Perspective
From an evolutionary standpoint, humans and dogs have shared a bond for tens of thousands of years. Early humans likely domesticated dogs for their hunting prowess and protection. Over time, this symbiotic relationship has evolved into an emotional bond. Some researchers believe that our deep connection with dogs is hardwired, stemming from our shared history and mutual dependence.
Dogs and Children
Children, particularly those with developmental challenges or disorders, often benefit immensely from canine companionship. Interacting with dogs can improve social skills, reduce anxiety, and increase empathy in children. Additionally, dogs can teach children about responsibility, compassion, and unconditional love.
Conclusion
The bond between dogs and humans is intricate, deep-seated, and backed by science. From the release of bonding hormones to the tangible physical health benefits, it’s clear that dogs have a profound impact on our happiness and well-being. In the words of Roger Caras, “Dogs have given us their absolute all. We are the centre of their universe. We are the focus of their love and faith and trust. They serve us in return for scraps. It is without a doubt the best deal man has ever made.” This sentiment beautifully encapsulates the timeless bond we share with our four-legged friends.